I have run both tire sizes at the Texas Mile and did not see a great deal of difference. It was not a good test because the tires were different brands - Bridgestone and Michelin. The 180 Michelin was maybe 1 MPH faster on a NA Busa.
The 180/55 is designed for a preferred rim width on 5.5" and the 190/50 for a 6" rim width. In the drag racing world on the SS1000 almost everbody is running the 180 on a 6" rim for a combination of reasons - good contact patch, lighter, taller for gearing and cheaper.
I prefer the 190 on the turbo LSR Busa at Texas because of the wind. You have to think about the side contact patch when the bike gets to leaning way over at Texas. Running on the rim width designed for the tire gives me more of a comfort factor at those speeds. When you increase the width of the tire with a wider rim the side contact patch can be compromised.
A good way to check or compare the contact patch is to take a white sheet of paper, jack the bike up, place the paper under the tire, you can dust it with carpenters chalk and sit on the bike, raise it back up and see what it looks like. You can just roll it through to check the width. A tire with a larger circumference will also add to the the contact patch. Some times the rules only govern the width of the contact patch so running a 17" tire versus 15" is better if your stock car racing.
Racetrack