The difference between 17/43 and 16/40 is 4 teeth. That's 1-1/8", not 5/8". I can feel a difference of one tooth (5/16"). If you want to run the 16/40, try running it with 108 or 110 links. When I weighed 200 pounds in my leathers, I foot-shifted my bike to 10.20s with the rear axle pulled all the way forward, raised 1-1/2" in the rear, stock un-welded clutch, and a taller than stock rear tire that caused the effective gearing to be about the same as if you ran 17/39 with a stock tire. I was tripping the 1/8 mile clocks with the rear tire, but it just took a little more skill than dropping the clutch on a slick-and-bar bike.